Amaphaneli elangaFuthi amaseli elanga adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni amandla elanga. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bavame ukusebenzisa amagama athi "iphaneli yelanga" kanye ne- "solar cell" eshintshana ngaphandle kokubona ukuthi akuyona into efanayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena emanzini ajulile emhlabeni wamandla elanga futhi sixoxe ngomugqa obalulekile phakathi kwamaphaneli elanga namaseli elanga.
Okokuqala, ake siqale siqonde ukuthi iseli lelanga liyini. Amaseli elanga, abizwa nangokuthi amaseli we-Photovoltaic, amadivayisi aguqula ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo emandleni kagesi. Imvamisa yenziwa ngezinto zokwenziwa ze-semiconductor, njenge-silicon, enekhono lokuthola ama-photons (izinhlayiya ezikhanyayo) futhi ukhiphe ama-elektroni. Lawa ma-elektroni akhishwe akhiqiza i-Electric yamanje, engasetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene.
Iphaneli yelanga, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqukethe amaseli amaningi axhumene axhumene. Zenzelwe ukuthwebula ukukhanya kwelanga futhi zikuguqule ngogesi esikalini esikhudlwana. Ngenkathi amangqamuzana elanga ayizalo zamaphaneli elanga, amaphaneli elanga aphelele afakwe ophahleni noma ezitshalweni ezinkulu zamandla elanga.
Omunye womehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaphaneli elanga kanye namangqamuzana elanga kuyinto isicelo sabo. Amangqamuzana elanga asetshenziswa kakhulu kumadivayisi amancane afana nama-Calculator, amawashi, kanye ne-spacecraft. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuhlanganisiwe kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, balungele amandla amadivayisi we-elekhthronikhi aphathekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi amaphaneli elanga, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza ugesi ngezinga elikhulu. Zingukukhetha kokuqala kwezicelo zokuhlala, ezentengiso, nezimboni.
Omunye umehluko phakathi kwamaphaneli elanga kanye namangqamuzana elanga ukusebenzelana kwawo. Amangqamuzana elanga avame ukusebenza kahle kunamaphaneli elanga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana elanga angaguqula ingxenye ephakeme yokukhanya kwelanga ibe ngogesi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga kuthuthukiswa ngokushesha.
Ngokwengeziwe, amaphaneli elanga kanye namangqamuzana elanga anezidingo ezihlukile zokufaka. Ngenxa yobukhulu babo obuncane, amaseli elanga angahlanganiswa kalula ezintweni ezahlukahlukene noma ezindaweni ezikhona. Isibonelo, bangashumeka ekwakheni amafasitela noma bahlanganiswe basebenzise amashaja aguqukayo, aphathekayo elanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi amaphaneli elanga, ngakolunye uhlangothi, adinga indawo enkulu yokufaka, imvamisa ophahleni noma insimu evulekile.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi amaphaneli elanga angaphinde ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-monocrystalline silicon ne-polycrystallineline silico. Amaphaneli elanga we-Monocrystalline enziwe ngesakhiwo esisodwa sekristalu, esinikeza ukubukeka okufanayo nokusebenza okuphezulu kancane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline enziwe, enziwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlaka zekristali, azinikeze ukubukeka kwazo ezinamanzi. Ngenkathi amaphaneli e-polycrystalline asebenza kahle kancane kunamaphaneli we-monocrystalline, ngokuvamile ashibhile.
Ngokufingqa, kanti amaphaneli elanga kanye namangqamuzana elanga anezinto ezibalulekile zohlelo lwelanga, ahlukile ngosayizi, uhlelo lokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle kanye nezidingo zokufaka. Ukuqonda lokhu kwehluka kungasiza abantu ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokwengeziwe lapho besebenzisa amandla amaningi aningi. Noma ngabe kungcono yini ukubala kwakho ngamangqamuzana elanga noma ukufaka amaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwakho, ngokungangabazeki amandla elanga akungabazeki isixazululo esihlanzekile nesimeme sezidingo zethu zamandla.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-08-2023