A ibhethri yejeli, eyaziwa nangokuthi ibhethri yejeli, ibhethri elineasidi eholayo elisebenzisa ama-electrolyte ejeli ukuze ligcine futhi likhiphe amandla kagesi. Lawa mabhethri enze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile kuwo wonke umlando wawo, azibonakalisa njengemithombo yamandla ethembekile neguquguqukayo ezinhlelweni ezihlukene. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola uhambo oluhehayo lwamabhethri ejeli, kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo kuya kusimo sawo samanje sobungcweti kwezobuchwepheshe.
1. UGenesise: Imvelaphi kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwasekuqaleni:
Umqondo wamabhethri ejeli uhlehlela emuva maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 lapho uThomas Edison eqala ukuhlola ama-electrolyte aqinile. Nokho, kwaze kwaba ngawo-1970, ngomsebenzi wokuphayona kanjiniyela waseJalimane u-Otto Jache, lapho ubuchwepheshe buzuza khona amandla. U-Jache wethule ibhethri ye-electrolyte yejeli esebenzisa into yejeli ye-silica ukuze ibambe i-electrolyte endaweni.
2. Izinzuzo nezindlela zamabhethri ejeli:
Amabhethri e-gel ayaziwa ngezinzuzo zawo eziyingqayizivele, okwenza abe inketho ekhangayo ezimbonini eziningi. Lawa mabhethri ahlinzeka ngezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ngoba i-electrolyte yejeli ayinyakazi kahle, okunciphisa ithuba lokuchitheka kwe-asidi noma ukuvuza. Into yejeli iphinde iqede isidingo sokunakekelwa futhi ivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekubekweni kwebhethri. Ukwengeza, amabhethri ejeli anezilinganiso eziphansi kakhulu zokuzikhipha, okuwenza alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.
Imishini yamabhethri ejeli ibandakanya umoya-mpilo okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushaja esabalalisa kujeli ezungezile, isabela nge-hydrogen, nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamagesi aqhumayo angaba yingozi. Lesi sici sokuphepha esingokwemvelo senza amabhethri ejeli alungele izindawo ezizwelayo lapho amabhethri okukhipha umoya angaba yingozi khona.
3. Izigigaba zokuziphendukela kwemvelo: Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe Nokuphila Kade:
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri yejeli buye benza inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa imingcele yokusebenza ebalulekile. Amabhethri ejeli akudala ayaziwa ngokuba nempilo yomjikelezo omfushane kunamabhethri e-lead-acid agcwele amanzi. Kodwa-ke, imizamo eqhubekayo yocwaningo nentuthuko egxile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina kwamabhethri ejeli kuye kwaholela ekwethulweni kwemiklamo yepuleti eyindida ethuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo kanye nokwelula impilo yesevisi.
Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokuhlanganiswa kabusha komoyampilo ethuthukisiwe kusiza ukunciphisa ukulahleka komswakama ngaphakathi kwebhethri, ngaleyo ndlela kunwebe impilo yonke yebhethri. Ethuthukisiwe yi-gel electrolyte immobilization, amabhethri ejeli esimanje angamelana kalula nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomjikelezo ojulile, awenze athembeke kakhulu ekugcineni amandla namandla ayisipele.
4. Isicelo nokutholwa kwemboni:
Ukuhlukahluka kwamabhethri ejeli kuholele ekuthathweni kwawo okusabalele kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi. Imboni yezokuxhumana ithembele kakhulu kumabhethri ejeli ukuze anikeze amandla angaphazamiseki ezindaweni ezikude noma phakathi nokucisha kukagesi. Ikhono lazo lokusebenza ngokuthembekile emazingeni okushisa adlulele kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza komzimba kuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphandle kwegridi.
Imboni yezimoto iphinde yathola ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri ejeli, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikagesi nezehybrid. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko e-lead-acid, amabhethri ejeli anomthamo omkhulu wamandla, impilo yesevisi ende, nokuphepha okuphezulu. Ukwengeza, imvelo yayo engalungiseki kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka nokudlidliza kuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezikebheni nasezimotweni zokungcebeleka.
Amabhethri ejeli nawo athole indlela yawo yokungena ezinhlelweni zamandla avuselelekayo njengezixazululo ezithembekile zokugcina. Bagcina ngempumelelo amandla engeziwe akhiqizwa ngamaphaneli elanga noma izinjini zomoya ukuze asetshenziswe ngezikhathi zokuphehlwa kwamandla amancane. Amandla ayo okukhipha kahle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zebhethri ayenza ibe inketho ekhangayo yokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
5. Amathemba neziphetho zesikhathi esizayo:
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, amabhethri ejeli alindeleke ukuthi athuthuke ngokuqhubekayo mayelana nomthamo wokugcina amandla, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Ukuhlanganiswa nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile bokuthuthukisa ukuqapha nokuphatha nakho kuyindawo engase ibe khona yentuthuko.
Amabhethri e-gelimpela sebehambe ibanga elide selokhu baqala. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nokuba wusizo kwazo ezimbonini eziningi kuwubufakazi bokuvumelana nezimo nokwethembeka kwazo. Kusukela kwezokuxhumana kuya ezinhlelweni zamandla avuselelekayo, amabhethri ejeli azoqhubeka nokuguqula indlela esigcina futhi sisebenzise ngayo ugesi, okubonisa indima yawo ebalulekile ekusaseni lethu elizinzile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-03-2023