Amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium aguqule indlela esinika amandla ngayo izinto zethu zikagesi.Kusukela kuma-smartphone kuya ezimotweni zikagesi, lezi zinsiza zikagesi ezingasindi nezisebenzayo seziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke.Nokho, ukuthuthukiswaamaqoqo ebhethri ye-lithiumakuhambanga kahle.Idlule kwezinye izinguquko ezinkulu kanye nentuthuko phakathi neminyaka.Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umlando wamaphakethe ebhethri ye-lithium nokuthi avele kanjani ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zethu zamandla ezikhulayo.
Ibhethri yokuqala ye-lithium-ion yasungulwa nguStanley Whittingham ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, okuphawula ukuqala kwenguquko yebhethri ye-lithium.Ibhethri likaWhittingham lisebenzisa i-titanium disulfide njenge-cathode nensimbi ye-lithium njenge-anode.Nakuba lolu hlobo lwebhethri lunomthamo omkhulu wamandla, alikwazi ukuhweba ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha.Insimbi ye-lithium iyasebenza kakhulu futhi ingabangela ukubaleka okushisayo, kubangele umlilo webhethri noma ukuqhuma.
Emzamweni wokunqoba izinkinga zokuphepha ezihlobene namabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium, u-John B. Goodenough kanye nethimba lakhe e-University of Oxford bathola izinto ezidabukisayo ngeminyaka yawo-1980.Bathola ukuthi ngokusebenzisa i-metal oxide cathode esikhundleni se-lithium metal, ingozi yokubaleka okushisayo ingaqedwa.I-lithium cobalt oxide cathodes kaGoodenough yaguqula imboni futhi yavula indlela yamabhethri e-lithium-ion athuthuke kakhulu esiwasebenzisa namuhla.
Intuthuko enkulu elandelayo kumaphakethe ebhethri ye-lithium yeza ngeminyaka yawo-1990 lapho u-Yoshio Nishi nethimba lakhe kwaSony bakha ibhethri lokuqala le-lithium-ion lezentengiso.Bathathele indawo ye-lithium metal anode esebenza kakhulu nge-graphite anode ezinzile, okuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwebhethri.Ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu kanye nempilo yomjikelezo omude, lawa mabhethri asheshe abe umthombo wamandla ojwayelekile wezinto zikagesi eziphathwayo ezifana namalaptop nomakhalekhukhwini.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium athola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha embonini yezimoto.I-Tesla, eyasungulwa nguMartin Eberhard noMark Tarpenning, yethula imoto kagesi yokuqala ephumelelayo kwezentengiselwano esebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion.Lokhu kuphawula ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamaphakethe ebhethri ye-lithium, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwawo kungasagcini kuma-electronics aphathwayo.Izimoto zikagesi ezinikwa amandla amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium zinikeza enye indlela ehlanzekile, esimeme kakhudlwana kunezimoto zendabuko ezinamandla kaphethiloli.
Njengoba isidingo samaphakethe ebhethri ye-lithium sikhula, imizamo yocwaningo igxile ekwandiseni amandla awo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwawo kukonke.Enye yentuthuko enjalo kwaba ukwethulwa kwama-anode asekelwe ku-silicon.I-silicon inamandla okucabanga aphezulu okugcina i-lithium ion, engakhuphula kakhulu ukuminyana kwamandla amabhethri.Kodwa-ke, ama-silicon anode abhekana nezinselelo ezifana noshintsho olukhulu lwevolumu phakathi nemijikelezo yokushaja, okuholela ekuphileni komjikelezo omfushane.Abacwaningi basebenza ngenkuthalo ukuze banqobe lezi zinselele ukuze bavule amandla aphelele e-anode asekelwe ku-silicon.
Enye indawo yocwaningo amaqoqo ebhethri ye-lithium eqinile.Lawa mabhethri asebenzisa ama-electrolyte aqinile esikhundleni sama-electrolyte awuketshezi atholakala kumabhethri endabuko e-lithium-ion.Amabhethri esimo esiqinile anikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, ezifaka ukuphepha okukhulu, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, nempilo yomjikelezo omude.Nokho, ukuthengisa kwabo kusesesigabeni sokuqala futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe nokuthuthukiswa kuyadingeka ukuze kunqotshwe izinselele zobuchwepheshe kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Uma ubheka phambili, ikusasa lamaqoqo ebhethri ye-lithium libonakala lithembisa.Isidingo sokugcinwa kwamandla siyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, siqhutshwa imakethe yezimoto zikagesi ekhulayo kanye nesidingo sokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.Imizamo yocwaningo igxile ekuthuthukiseni amabhethri anamandla aphezulu, amandla okushaja ngokushesha, nempilo yomjikelezo omude.Amaqoqo ebhethri ye-lithium azodlala indima ebalulekile ekushintsheleni ekubeni nekusasa lamandla ahlanzekile, elizinzile.
Ukufingqa, umlando wokuthuthuka wamaphakethe ebhethri ye-lithium ubone ukuqanjwa kwabantu kanye nokuphishekela ukutholakala kwamandla aphephile futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu.Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zamabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium kuya kumabhethri e-lithium-ion athuthukisiwe esiwasebenzisa namuhla, sibone intuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla.Njengoba siqhubeka nokuphusha imingcele yalokho okungenzeka, amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium azoqhubeka nokuvela futhi alolonge ikusasa lokugcinwa kwamandla.
Uma uthanda amaqoqo ebhethri ye-lithium, wamukelekile ukuthintana neRadiance kuthola isaphulelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-24-2023